Historical Example of Portfolio Diversification: Avoiding Disaster Portfolio diversification helps investors avoid disastrous investment outcomes. This benefit is most convincingly illustrated by examining what may happen when individuals have not diversified. Portfolios: Reduce Risk
Capital Allocation Line and Optimal Risky Portfolio The Two-Fund Separation Theorem
Investment Opportunity Set Addition of Asset Classes Minimum-Variance Portfolios Minimum-Variance Frontier Global Minimum-Variance Portfolio Efficient Frontier of Risky Assets
Correlation and Risk Diversification Historical Risk and Correlation Avenues for Diversification
Importance of Correlation in a Portfolio of Many Assets
Portfolio of Two Risky Assets Portfolio Return Portfolio Risk
Indifference Curves An indifference curve plots the combinations of risk–return pairs that an investor would accept to maintain a given level of utility (i.e., the investor is indifferent about the combinations on any one curve because they would provide the same level of overall utility). Indifference curves are thus defined in terms of a trade-off between expected…
The Concept of Risk Aversion The concept of risk aversion is related to the behaviour of individuals under uncertainty. Risk Seeking Risk Neutral Risk Averse Risk Tolerance Risk tolerance refers to the amount of risk an investor can tolerate to achieve an investment goal. The higher the risk tolerance, the greater is the willingness to take risk. Thus,…
Distributional Characteristics A normal distribution has three main characteristics: its mean and median are equal; it is completely defined by two parameters, mean and variance; and it is symmetric around its mean with: Skewness Skewness refers to asymmetry of the return distribution, that is, returns are not symmetric around the mean. A distribution is said to be…
